Internal standardization for the determination of cadmium,cobalt, chromium and manganese in saline produced water from petroleum industry by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry after cloud point extraction

In the present paper a procedure is proposed for the determination of traces of Cd, Co, Mn and Cr in petroleum industry produced water by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The procedure is based on cloud point extraction of these metals, as their dithizonate complexes, into the surfactant-rich phase of octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol surfactant (Triton X-114). Extractions were carried out in solutions with salinities between 10‰ and 70‰. Since residual salinity in the surfactant-rich phase caused differences in its transport to the plasma, yttrium was used as an internal standard to correct for this effect. The simultaneous metal extraction procedure was optimized by response surface methodology using a Doehlert design and desirability function. Enhancement factors of 21, 21, 9 and 19, along with limits of quantification of 0.093, 0.20, 0.73 and 1.2 μg L^− 1, and precision expressed as relative standard deviation (n = 8, 20.0 μg L^− 1) of 5.8, 1.2, 1.7 and 5.7% were obtained for Cd, Co, Mn and Cr, respectively. The accuracy was evaluated by spike recovery tests on the high salinity water samples with salinity of 40 and 63‰.     

Dislocation unpinning model of acoustic emission from alkali halide crystals

The present paper reports the dislocation unpinning model of acoustic emission (AE) from alkali halide crystals. Equations are derived for the strain dependence of the transient AE pulse rate, peak value of the AE pulse rate and the total number of AE pulse emitted. It is found that the AE pulse rate should be maximum for a particular strain of the crystals. The peak value of the AE pulse rate should depend on the volume and strain rate of the crystals, and also on the pinning time of dislocations. Since the pinning time of dislocations decreases with increasing strain rate, the AE pulse rate should be weakly dependent on the strain rate of the crystals. The total number of AE should increase linearly with deformation and then it should attain a saturation value for the large deformation. By measuring the strain dependence of the AE pulse rate at a fixed strain rate, the time constantτ _s for surface annihilation of dislocations and the pinning timeτ _p of the dislocations can be determined. A good agreement is found between the theoretical and experimental results related to the AE from alkali halide crystals.     

干电池供电式电子标准电池的设计

标准电池是度量电源电动势的标准仪器．利用RC4191和MC1403精密的低压稳压特性，设计一款电子稳压式的标准电池，既可克服传统汞镉标准电池的缺点，又能保证相同精度的实验性能要求．     

Pseudoaffinity, de Boor algorithm, and blossoms

In order to ensure existence of a de Boor algorithm (hence of a B-spline basis) in a given spline space with (n+1)-dimensional sections, it is important to be able to generate each spline by restriction to the diagonal of a symmetric function of n variables supposed to be pseudoaffine w.r. to each variable. We proved that a way to obtain these three properties (symmetry, n-pseudoaffinity, diagonal property) is to suppose the existence of blossoms on the set of admissible n-tuples, given that blossoms are defined in a geometric way by means of intersections of osculating flats. In the present paper, we examine the converse: do symmetry, n-pseudoaffinity, and diagonal property imply existence of blossoms?     

Difference Families in Z2d+1⊕Z2d+1 and Infinite Translation Designs in Z⊕Z

We analyse 3-subset difference families of Z_2d+1⊕Z_2d+1 arising as reductions (mod 2d+1) of particular families of 3-subsets of Z⊕Z. The latter structures, namely perfect d-families, can be viewed as 2-dimensional analogues of difference triangle sets having the least scope. Indeed, every perfect d-family is a set of base blocks which, under the natural action of the translation group Z⊕Z, cover all edges {(x,y),(x′,y′)} such that |x−x′|, |y−y′|≤d. In particular, such a family realises a translation invariant (G,K₃)-design, where V(G)=Z⊕Z and the edges satisfy the above constraint. For that reason, we regard perfect families as part of the hereby defined translation designs, which comprise and slightly generalise many structures already existing in the literature. The geometric context allows some suggestive additional definitions. The main result of the paper is the construction of two infinite classes of d-families. Furthermore, we provide two sporadic examples and show that a d-family may exist only if d≡0,3,8,11 (mod 12).     

Vehicle density and velocity estimation on highways for on-ramp metering control

A scheme for vehicle density and velocity estimation in a stretch of highway based on a modified cell transmission model [C. F. Daganzo, Transportation Research, Part B, 28B(4),269–287, 1994. Elsevier is presented. The scheme is intended for use with on-ramp metering control algorithms, providing local knowledge of densities and velocities that is helpful to improve on-ramp metering control performance. Estimation of density is obtained by nonlinear estimators, while velocity estimation is obtained by gradient algorithms. There is one density–velocity estimator for free traffic flow and other for congested traffic flow. Both estimator schemes work in parallel. The final estimation of density and velocity results from a convex combination of the predictions of the two estimators. This combination depends on occupancy or density measurements at the boundaries of the stretch and is produced by a fuzzy inference system. Stability and convergence of the density and velocity estimation scheme is proved by Lyapunov based techniques. Simulation results comparing measured and estimated traffic data are presented. They confirm good performance of the estimators. Research sponsored by grants UNAM PAPIIT IN110403 and CONACYT 47583.     

Survivable network design under optimal and heuristic interdiction scenarios

We examine the problem of building or fortifying a network to defend against enemy attacks in various scenarios. In particular, we examine the case in which an enemy can destroy any portion of any arc that a designer constructs on the network, subject to some interdiction budget. This problem takes the form of a three-level, two-player game, in which the designer acts first to construct a network and transmit an initial set of flows through the network. The enemy acts next to destroy a set of constructed arcs in the designer’s network, and the designer acts last to transmit a final set of flows in the network. Most studies of this nature assume that the enemy will act optimally; however, in real-world scenarios one cannot necessarily assume rationality on the part of the enemy. Hence, we prescribe optimal network design algorithms for three different profiles of enemy action: an enemy destroying arcs based on capacities, based on initial flows, or acting optimally to minimize our maximum profits obtained from transmitting flows.     

一种新的高温超导磁体电磁结构优化设计方法

本文阐述了用于高温超导磁体电磁结构优化设计的一种新方法,与一般优化方法不同之处在于其不用定义磁体的初始结构形状,采用该方法可以得到满足规格和性能要求的较佳磁体结构.通过此方法优化设计了一个中心磁场为3T的Bi系高温超导磁体,其设计结果与满足同样要求且经过优化的单螺管高温超导磁体的设计结果作了对比,由结果表明该方法具有很好的优化效果.     

Self-Orthogonal 3-(56,12,65) Designs and Extremal Doubly-Even Self-Dual Codes of Length 56

In this paper, we show that the code generated by the rows of a block-point incidence matrix of a self-orthogonal 3-(56,12,65) design is a doubly-even self-dual code of length 56. As a consequence, it is shown that an extremal doubly-even self-dual code of length 56 is generated by the codewords of minimum weight. We also demonstrate that there are more than one thousand inequivalent extremal doubly-even self-dual [56,28,12] codes. This result shows that there are more than one thousand non-isomorphic self-orthogonal 3-(56,12,65) designs. AMS Classification: 94B05, 05B05     

塑料闪烁体的辐照特性

利用⁶⁰Co放射源分别对3种塑料闪烁体(BC-408, EJ-200, BC-404)进行辐照损伤研究, 比较辐照前后的透射谱、发射谱及光产额的变化, 发现3种闪烁体在低剂量具有较好的抗辐照性能; 当照射剂量超过1.44×10⁴Gy时,透射谱明显变坏, 光输出减少很严重, 但发射谱却保持不变.